Regulated Ecosystem Services Trade-Offs: Synergy Research and Driver Identification in the Vegetation Restoration Area of the Middle Stream of the Yellow River

In arid and semi-arid regions, vegetation restoration will have a significant impact on ecosystem services (ESs). Accurate assessment of the relationship driving mechanism between ESs play an important role in implementation subsequent projects management. The purpose this study is to evaluate identify ESs, explore ecological ESs. Taking middle reaches Yellow River as area, analyzed three including: Net Primary Productivity (NPP), soil conservation (SC), water yield (WY), area (VRA) for 20 years (2000–2010 2010–2020 years(a)). unit (ERU) evaluation unit, we evaluated models Using geo-detectors economic, social natural drivers that affect ESS. results showed following: (1) Different lead differences rate They increase recovery NPP SC. first mode third planting reduce WY. (2) enhance synergistic weaken trade-off WY, SC (3) Temperature, precipitation, NDVI changes VRAs. trade-off-synergy be affected by NDVI, GDP. This that, with projects, time space complex heterogeneity helpful provide scientific advice